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Predict Suicide Signs

Predicting and preventing suicide, particularly through the use of machine learning algorithms

Problem

Prevent suicides and save lives by predicting ahead of time who is likely to commit suicide. Suicide is a major public health concern in the United States, with the CDC reporting that it is the 10th leading cause of death overall, and the second leading cause of death among military veterans. According to the US Department of Veteran Affairs, 16.8 veterans die by suicide every day. While suicide may sometimes seem to come out of nowhere, research has shown that 90% of people who die by suicide had a diagnosable mental health condition that could have been treated (1).

Veterans are particularly at risk for suicide, as they may be struggling with post-traumatic stress disorders from their time in deployment. While there are efforts from government and healthcare institutions to create safe spaces for individuals struggling with suicidal thoughts, these efforts are often reactive, rather than proactive. As a result, many people may not receive the care and support they need until it is too late, as their mental health has deteriorated over a long period of time. It is important that we prioritize proactive, preventative approaches to addressing suicide, so that we can better support individuals at risk and prevent these tragedies from occurring (2).

Size of the Problem

  • 10th leading cause of death overall (3).
  • 2nd leading cause of death among veterans (4).
  • 16.8 veterans die every day due to suicide (5).

Why it matters

The impact of suicide goes beyond the individual who dies by suicide. Suicide can have a profound and lasting impact on the loved ones of the person who dies, as well as on the wider community. This can lead to a range of negative outcomes, such as increased rates of mental health problems, substance abuse, and other health problems among those who have lost a loved one to suicide (2).

Addressing suicide is a complex and multifaceted challenge, requiring a range of interventions and approaches. This can be resource-intensive for hospitals and the healthcare system, as it may require specialized training for healthcare providers, the development of specialized protocols and protocols for care, and the use of advanced technologies and treatments. All of these factors contribute to the importance of suicide as a major public health concern for hospitals and the healthcare system in the US (3).

Solution

  1. Automatic Risk Assessment: Using machine learning algorithms to assess the risk of suicide through standardized questionnaires and mental health data, including natural language processing (NLP) models to analyze the tone and emotional content in patient interactions.
  2. Continuous Patient Monitoring: Developing follow-up systems to monitor sleep patterns, medication use, and changes in patient mood, with automatic reminders to ensure adherence to treatment and attendance at medical appointments.
  3. Preventive Alert Generation: Creating automatic alerts for healthcare professionals when high-risk signals are detected in patients, providing data-driven recommendations for early and personalized interventions.
  4. Informative and Educational Support: Distributing validated information about support resources, such as helplines and mental health centers, along with suggestions for self-care strategies and stress management based on patient profiles.
  5. Health Data Analysis: Analyzing electronic medical records and survey data to identify risk patterns and suicide predisposition factors, integrating multiple data sources to provide a comprehensive view of the patient's mental health status.
  6. Predictive Model Based on Clinical Variables: We developed a predictive model using clinical and behavioral data, based on variables such as mental health history, social support, sleep patterns, and scores on standardized questionnaires. The model is trained with simulated data reflecting variables commonly used in medical surveys for suicide prevention, assisting clinical staff in the early identification of individuals at high risk of suicide.
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Datasources

  • Health Information System (HIS): Collects data on diseases and health events, including suicides, providing relevant demographic and medical information.
  • Mental Health Surveys: Provide data on the prevalence of mental disorders and access to mental health services, important for understanding suicide risk.
  • Public Health Institutions and Research Organizations: May have databases on suicide prevention programs and reported cases.
  • Records from Mental Health Institutions: Contain detailed information on patients with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
  • Socioeconomic Databases: Provide information on risk factors related to poverty, unemployment, and access to social services.

Citations

  1. Lejeune A, Le Glaz A, Perron PA, Sebti J, Baca-Garcia E, Walter M, Lemey C, Berrouiguet S. Artificial intelligence and suicide prevention: a systematic review. Eur Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 15;65(1):1-22. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.8. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35166203; PMCID: PMC8988272.
  2. Kumar, V., Sznajder, K.K. & Kumara, S. Machine learning based suicide prediction and development of suicide vulnerability index for US counties. npj Mental Health Res 1, 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44184-022-00002-x
  3. Khan NZ, Javed MA. Use of Artificial Intelligence-Based Strategies for Assessing Suicidal Behavior and Mental Illness: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2022 Jul 25;14(7):e27225. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27225. PMID: 36035036; PMCID: PMC9400551.
  4. Parsapoor, M., Koudys, J. W., & Ruocco, A. C. (2023). Suicide risk detection using artificial intelligence: the promise of creating a benchmark dataset for research on the detection of suicide risk. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1186569
  5. Artificial intelligence may improve suicide prevention in the future. (n.d.). UNSW Sites. https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2022/10/artificial-intelligence-may-improve-suicide-prevention-in-the-fu

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